Dirty dozen in aviation

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Taxiing Aircraft

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Taxiing Aircraft As a general rule, only rated pilots and qualified airframe and powerplant (A&P) technicians are authorized to start, run up, and taxi aircraft. All taxiing operations are performed in accordance with applicable local regulations. Figure 1 contains the standard taxi light signals used by control towers to control and expedite the taxiing of aircraft. The following section provides detailed instructions on taxi signals and related taxi instructions.  Lights  Meaning Flashing green  Cleared to taxi Steady red  Stop Flashing red  Taxi clear of runway in use Flashing white  Return to starting point Alternating red and green  Exercise extreme caution Figure 1. Standard taxi light signals Taxi Signals Many ground accidents have occurred as a result of improper technique in taxiing aircraft. Although the pilot is ultimately responsible for the aircraft until the engine is stopped, a taxi signalman can assist the pilot around the flight li...
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Wrench types, Torque wrench

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Torque wrench Read in another language Watch Edit A Torque wrench torque wrench is a tool used to apply a specific torque to a fastener such as a nut or bolt . It is usually in the form of a socket wrench with special internal mechanisms. A torque wrench is used where the tightness of screws and bolts is crucial. It allows the operator to set the torque applied to the fastener so it can be matched to the specifications for a particular application. This permits proper tension and loading of all parts. A torque wrench uses torque as a proxy for bolt tension. The technique suffers from inaccuracy due to inconsistent or uncalibrated friction between the fastener and its mating hole. Measuring bolt tension (indirectly via bolt stretch) is actually what is desired, but often torque is the only practical measurement which can be made. Torque screwdrivers and torque wrenches have similar purposes and mechanisms.
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Punch (tool)

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Read in another language Watch this page Edit For punches used in punch presses, see Punching . Learn more This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page .  Engraving punch A punch is a hard metal rod with a sharp tip at one end and a blunt butt end at the other, which is usually struck by a hammer . Typically, woodworkers use a ball-peen hammer to strike a punch. Use Edit Punches are used to drive objects such as nails , or to form an impression of the tip on a workpiece. Decorative punches may also be used to create a pattern or even form an image.[ citation needed ] Pin Edit Pin punch Metal pins and similar connectors are driven in or out of holes using a pin punch. For removal, first use a starter punch to loosen the pin, then use a pin punch to finish. Center Edit Centre punch A center punch is used to mark the center of a point. It is usually used to mark the center of a hole when drilling holes. A drill has the tenden...
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